mehdi moosavi; Bahador Zarei; Marjan Badiee Azandahi
Abstract
The Zionist regime has attempted to break out the geopolitical isolation with the doctrine of peripheral unity and to establish relations with other countries Since the 1960s. Areas such as the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Caucasus, and Central Asia were given priority by Israel. In the present study, ...
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The Zionist regime has attempted to break out the geopolitical isolation with the doctrine of peripheral unity and to establish relations with other countries Since the 1960s. Areas such as the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Caucasus, and Central Asia were given priority by Israel. In the present study, the descriptive-analytical method was adopted to examine the periphery doctrine of Israel in the Caucasus and Central Asia as two important geopolitical areas in northern Iran. Our study indicates that the Zionist doctrine, despite a good start, failed to establish sustainable regional partnerships with five countries (i.e., Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Armenia, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan). In contrast, the Israel periphery doctrine in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan has been somewhat successful than these five countries. In this regard, the main Israel stimuli for relations with Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan is including the supply of energy resources (40% of Azerbaijan and 25-25% of Kazakhstan), the existence of two countries with a Muslim majority population, a secular structure and the use of this as a leverage, the sale of weapons, as well as the co-border of these countries with Iran, and the using military and cyber capacity for eavesdropping. It is also worth mentioning that Israel remains a minor commercial partner for Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, despite the uproar created by commentators. Russia, Turkey and Iran are the biggest trading partners of Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan (Iran's commercial ties with Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in 2020 were about ten and three times more, respectively, than the Israel’s). A more precise analysis of arms sales also shows that Israel is not a major supplier of arms to either Azerbaijan or Kazakhstan, and Russia plays a key role in this context.
Marjan Badiee Azandahi; Zahra pishgahifard; Vahid Najafi Nakhjuanlu
Abstract
Today, the new concept of national security includes multiple hard and soft internal and external components, compared to its classic concept. Each of these components of national geography are considered as the main constructive and stable factors of the national security of each country; which can ...
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Today, the new concept of national security includes multiple hard and soft internal and external components, compared to its classic concept. Each of these components of national geography are considered as the main constructive and stable factors of the national security of each country; which can provide stability and peace and vice versa they can turn to the instability and security challenges for a country. Water security is a function of the interdependence of different security areas within the national geography of a country, which is spread within a network of socio-economic and political forces at different spatial scales. This network includes natural security resources (water, energy, weather, food) and security of social groups (individual, society and nation). The purpose of this article is not only to find a solution for how to secure the internal waters of Iran; but also the effects of inland water securitization on Iran's national security have been noted. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and in terms of library and documentary information collection method. This article employs a descriptive-analytical research approach and relies on library resources for gathering information. The findings show the intertwining of the external phenomena such as the temperature increasing of the earth during the last two decades, the change in the precipitation pattern, and the internal phenomena such as the weak management of water resources, the decrease in the amount of rainfall, the drop in the level of underground water and the illegal drilling of wells during four decades not only has caused critical situation, but also it has caused social protests in the provinces of the Zagros region, the central and the southwest region, in such a way that the water challenge in the country has caused challenges for national security of Iran.
Yashar Zaki; Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf; Marjan Badiee Azandahi; Seyed Rahmatallah Mousavifar; Seyyed Mohammad Moghimi
Abstract
Introduction: Geographic factors make the political organization of space geographically. Each factor at any geographical scale, due to the level of power and to the extent that it utilizes various instruments appropriate to the level of sovereignty and power, leads to the political organization of space. ...
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Introduction: Geographic factors make the political organization of space geographically. Each factor at any geographical scale, due to the level of power and to the extent that it utilizes various instruments appropriate to the level of sovereignty and power, leads to the political organization of space. The global action circle represents the world's largest geographic scale. The question raised is how the global system, through which mechanisms and processes at the global level, makes political organization of space.Methodology: The research methodology of the present paper is based on the qualitative method and on the principles of analysis-explanation.Result and discussion: The global system, through structural and non-structural elements, leads to the political organization of space. Power is the driving force behind the global system for achieving its goals. The global system creates and strengthens the structural power of institutions and organizations. Institutions and organizations produce the rules and norms they need globally. All political units are required to observe the laws and regulations of the world system and, in the event of non-compliance of political units and countries, these rules are faced with the violent power of global powers. Through discourse, global powers differentiate themselves from countries that they dislike for the global order and punish them through violent power or sanctions.Conclusion: In the end, global powers, with the backing of institutions, laws, regulations, norms and production discourses, legitimize their actions on the global stage.
bagher ghalibaf; Marjan Badiee; Yashar Zaki; Mosayeb Gharehbeygi
Abstract
After the four decades, the Islamic Republic of Iran has used political and economic models that has left special influences in the geographical space of Iran according to the political thought embedded in it. However, the common point of all spatial patterns in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been ...
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After the four decades, the Islamic Republic of Iran has used political and economic models that has left special influences in the geographical space of Iran according to the political thought embedded in it. However, the common point of all spatial patterns in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been activism within a completely centralized pattern. The increasing concentration of affairs in centralized political-spatial units causes shortcomings and inadequacies that disrupt the spatial distribution of justice and development at the same time; Because the political-spatial units that make up countries have a different and heterogeneous set of natural-human elements and factors. Hence, the issue of the form and process of spatial distribution of power in such units has always been a fundamental concern of geographers. Iran, as a political-spatial unit, has also struggled with the functional patterns of power distribution. In this regard, the present study with a descriptive-analytical method has investigated the feasibility of using the semi-centralized model of local government for the optimal distribution of power within the judiciary and security in Iran. The results show that by doubling the spatial distribution of power in Iran into two parts of local affairs and governance, a logical framework for the application of each of these two parts emerges. In judicial affairs, organizations such as the Registry of Deeds and Property, the Organization of Prisons and Security-Training Measures, the Center for Dispute Resolution Councils, and the Forensic Medicine Organization have an increasing capacity to delegate to local governments due to their service-welfare nature. In the field of security, the categories and organizations in the police force, such as the Passport Office, the Public Service Organization, categories of the Preventive Police and the Traffic Police, due to the preventive nature and services can be Delegate local affairs representatives.
